The classical radiological findings of iNPH include ventriculomegaly with enlarged lateral ventricles and temporal horns, displacing the corpus callosum upwards towards the falx with a sharp callosal angle and narrowed parietal sulci at the vertex while the Sylvian fissures are enlarged. The seven parameters of the scale derive from previous research. The iNPH Radscale was introduced as a screening tool to structure the assessment of radiological features associated with iNPH and includes mandatory and supportive radiological parameters listed in both diagnostic guidelines. Symptom scales have been launched in order to structure the clinical assessment, and to allow comparison of symptoms over time and between sites. The importance of identifying and correctly diagnose iNPH patients is underlined by the fact that up to 80% improve after treatment with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. To select candidates for shunt surgery, supplemental tests, such as the tap-test, are often used. The diagnostic guidelines for iNPH are founded on typical symptoms combined with radiological findings.
The clinical symptoms of iNPH may overlap with those of other neurological conditions such Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson disease. The disease is more common than previously expected, with a prevalence of 3.7% for those over 65 years old, and is increasing with age. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), is a neurological condition affecting gait, balance, cognition and continence. Karin Kockum, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 1, * Johan Virhammar, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, 2 Katrine Riklund, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, 3 Lars Söderström, Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, 4 Elna-Marie Larsson, Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing, 5 and Katarina Laurell, Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing 2
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